Kibbitzer 30

Heavy Subjects

The following revision is taken from a dissertation by a Chinese-speaking student of Education:

OriginalRevisions
Four children who received scores not higher than average score in the class and did not show any sign of rejecting the target children were selected as peer helpers..Four children who received scores not higher than the average score for their class, and who did not show any sign of rejecting the target children, were selected as peer helpers.
Four children were selected as peer helpers, the criteria for selection being that they should have received scores not higher than the average for their class, and that they should not show any sign of rejecting the target children

One of the general principles I attempt to convey to students is 'End-weight', and in particular the need to be wary of long and complex grammatical subjects. It is important to have available two strategies in dealing with such subjects,

  1. To ensure that the structure of the subject is easily grasped at first glance. It seemed to me that the student's draft could be improved by drawing attention to the two coordinated relative clauses as in the first revision shown: 'Four children who ....., and who ....., were selected ....'.

  2. To be able, where appropriate, to re-write the text in such a way that the long and complex sentence is avoided. Here we experimented to see whether the sentence could be re-written with the verb following immediately after the head word of the subject: 'Four children were selected ...'. This led us to think about the verb 'select' and to see that the information contained in the relative clauses of the first revision could (and perhaps should) be expressed as the criteria for selection (see the 50 citations below for the close collocation of 'select/selection' and 'criterion/criteria'). This was the basis of the second revision.
After some discussion the student decided to make the second of the revisions shown above.
 1 an price, as the main criteria in purchase selection.
 2  alternatives, the devising of criteria to select among alternatives, Sometimes thought of as la
 3 third, most commonly applied criterion for selecting an over-the-counter analgesic is to choose 
 4 call for the use of consistent criteria in selection and training procedures to prevent unlawful
 5 of abandoning age as a criterion for staff selection - and, in particular, ending employment. Jo
 6 ntly failed to meet Morris's criteria. The selections are ordered more or less chronologically s
 7 wel in the crown and are good criteria for selection. As a teacher at Cambridge and Leeds I did 
 8 ar school principle “that the State should select children by the single criterionof ability an
 9 o these criteria and size. Only two of the selected cities met the criteria of not having planne
10 l first-round candidates. Interviewing and selection criteria would remain a matter for particip
11 ld administer the scheme. Interviewing and selection criteria would be unaffected, and would rem
12 ments, the sending of job descriptions and selection criteria to applicants, and the holding of 
13 arly bad jumping enlivened the 1988 Games. Selection criteria were later tightened, so there is 
14  is a daunting specification. Clearly, new selection criteriawere necessary. Different conditio
15 day lost their High Court challenge to new selection criteria adopted by the Bar law school.   
16 cies. Next month, it announces its Olympic selection criteria and a return to the first-two-past
17 e screened were selected. We used no other selection criteria and the investigators selecting th
18 and compromising the company. Using proper selection criteria and tests should make it easier to
19 t a new artificial language and a stricter selection criteria which will do more harm than good.
20 at adherence to them should be part of the selection criteria for the winners. Yours sincerely
21 e. “The problems inherent in extending the selection criteria to include racial and cultural fac
22 people is of such critical importance. The selection criteria for nursing and the monitoring, ev
23 st ethnic minority applicants. Many of the selection criteria being used by firms to determine w
24 articularly important to find out what the selection criteria will be. “Unfortunately, the selec
25 y had its share of controversy because the selection criteria were never made clear, according t
26 ck Charlton's creative genealogy - and the selection criteria for the four home football associa
27 ry is a comprehensive school. What are its selection criteria, that enable it to admit a child f
28 ost as important as ability in the list of selectorial criteria. Be there or beware is the messag
29 element will be further relegated down the selection criteria.  The snowball effect from this tr
30 s have a simple criterion when it comes to selecting destinations. They feature only places wher
31 uccess with the ball, the criterion for re-selection given him by Illingworth after the player's
32  with justification, that the criteria for selection in some chambers are unfair because success
32  exception. In football, the criterion for selection is at least one appearance in the Carling P
33 uality is to be an essential criterion for selection. (Lottery-funded projects will be exempted 
34 tion of childminders. But the criteria for selecting minders are set out in the “blue book” of g
35 hy. The age criterion was behind Mandela's selection of Thabo Mbeki, 51, over Ramaphosa, 10 year
36 is issue must be the main criteria for the selection of the next Labour leader. This country des
37 erformance at university or in the overall selection procedure. The A-level criterion excludes m
38  not believe, I ever knew the criteria for selecting properties.” In his report the District Aud
39 ears' time, writes John Rodda. The British selectors, setting out their criteria for championshi
40  Professor Molyneaux says the criteria for selecting students is a broad one: “We are more inter
41 ry with increasingly esoteric criteria for selection, such as The Laureate Book of Humorous Anim
42  Ove Arup to advise it on the criteria for selecting the exhibition site. Bidders have until mid
43 th a wide range of regulatory criteria for selection  and the investigators selecting the contro
44 er inflammation. The other criterion is to select the drug with the least likelihood of side eff
45 nt has drawn up a list of nine criteria to select the new “trust councils”. London boroughs need
46 ere is no real way of making football team selection objective. Even this criterion is misleadin
47  championship is used as the criterion for selection, then, based on the last dozen years or so,
48 edominated”) and that when they made their selection they had "no established criteria”. This is
49 f 3.00 or greater). The categorization was selected to be consistent with criteria used by the U
50 y 1992 to February 1993. The criterion for selection was spontaneous normal delivery of singleto

7th January 1997 Consultant: Tim Johns
Back to Tim Johns EAP page